Frames in HTML:

Frames allow you to have multiple sections of the browser window, called frames, each showing their own .html file within the frame. This used to be common practice when trying to show separate sections of a site in separate sections of the browser window, such as a header at the top, navigation at the side, and the rest was page content that someone could scroll down without making the header and navigation disappear.

There are some drawbacks also while using frames are as follows:

• Some browsers do not print well from framesets.

• Some smaller devices cannot cope with frames, often because their screen is not big enough to be divided up.

• Some time your page will be displayed differently on different computers due to different screen resolution.

• The browser's back button might not work as the user hopes.

• There are still few browsers who do not support frame technology.

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Multimedia in Web Technology:

We can put multimedia files like audio, video and flash files in HTML documents. We can add multimedia files in two ways. Linking and Embedding.

Linking: 

When you link to multi media file then the browser has to decide how to handle that file. If the browser cannot handle that type of file then the user has to install a plug-in compatible with the browser. If the browser is not handle the file then it offers to download that file otherwise the browser will not an external application like windows media player (or) real player.

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Forms in HTML:

HTML Forms are required when you want to collect some data from the site visitor. For example registration information: name, email address, credit card, etc. 

A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post your back-end application such as CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc. Then your back-end application will do required processing on that data in whatever way you like. Form elements are like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc. which are used to take information from the user.

The FORM element is the element that surrounds all forms on a web page.

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HTML Image Map:

HTML image map is a most visually satisfying method for navigation around the site. An HTML image map is a large picture which has areas that the reader can click with a mouse.

The general syntax for an image map is as follows: 

<img src=”file name” usemap=”#name”>
< map name=”name”>
<area shape=”circle”/”rectangle”/”polygon”/”default” Alt=”string”  Cords=”string” href=”url”>
</map>
 

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Layers in HTML:

<layer> tag is an element created by Netscape that allows an author to define precisely positioned 2-dimensional layout consisting of overlapping layers of transparent or solid content on a web page. All the content between the opening and closing LAYER tags can be treated as a single item of content that can be moved and altered in various ways.

The<layer> is browser specific so that it leads to confusion. To   create layer effect we can use the z-index property of <div> tag.

The z-index property, when used in conjunction with the position property, enables you to specify which element should appear on top in the event of an overlap. An overlap can easily occur when using the position property and this is often desirable when creating advanced layouts.

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HTML CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

In this article you can find CSS tutorial for beginners. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and it enables the web authors/designers to apply styles across their websites. CSS is a style language that defines layout of HTML documents. For example, CSS covers fonts, colors, margins, lines, height, width, background images, advanced positions and so on. 

With CSS, you can specify a number of style properties for a given HTML element. Each property has a name and a value, separated by a colon (:). Each property declaration is separated by a semi-colon (;).

In this HTML CSS  tutorial you cand find the advantages of HTML CSS and Various types of CSS.

Advantages of CSS:

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XHTML:

XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language. XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01. XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML 4.01. XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application. XHTML is supported by all major browsers.

All the major browsers such as internet explorer have been designed to display pages which contain invalid html. When a manufactured creates a new type of devices such as the web enabled phone they can choose to make it compatible with existing standards or the developers should create new standards.
A protocol called Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) has been created to control the content deliver to mobile browsers. The devices with limited processing capabilities must be able to understand a document and ignore those parts which they cannot handle.

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Different CSS Properties:

CSS has grouped all the CSS properties into logical groups to give the massive amount of properties some order, unlike HTML. The different CSS properties are as follows:

Font Properties: The CSS font properties control all aspects of your text graphical representation. The following  are the different font properties:

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